Ingham Starnet Consortium
Overview
| Indicator | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total E-Rate subsidies | $71K | $80K | $77K | $77K | $85K | $74K | $71K | $82K | $82K | $47K | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Average discount rate | 75% | 71% | 68% | 68% | 68% | 68% | 65% | 64% | 65% | 64% | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Schools & libraries (in this area) | 78 | 74 | 74 | 73 | 73 | 73 | 75 | 75 | 71 | 74 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Service providers | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 3 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Avg download speed (Mbps) | 10,521 | 9,498 | 9,498 | 9,498 | 13,000 | 18,500 | 18,500 | 4,500 | 4,500 | 4,500 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Avg upload speed (Mbps) | 10,521 | 9,498 | 9,498 | 9,498 | 13,000 | 18,500 | 18,500 | 4,500 | 4,500 | 4,500 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Subsidies by E-Rate service type
| Service type | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voice | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Telecomm Services | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Internal Connections | — | — | — | — | $5K | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Data Transmission and/or Internet Access | $71K | $80K | $77K | $77K | $79K | $74K | $71K | $82K | $82K | $47K | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Basic Maintenance of Internal Connections | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Managed Internal Broadband Services | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Back of Envelope Estimate of Equal Distribution
| Recipient | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaiedon Elementary School | $806 | $6K | $8K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $42K | $1K | $2K |
| Attwood School | $5K | $7K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $41K | $5K |
| Beekman Center | $5K | $7K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $31K | $7K |
| Bennett Woods Elementary Sch | $5K | $44K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $37K | $1K | $1K | $1K |
| Bus Garage | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Capital Area K-12 Online | $161 | $2K | $22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chippewa Middle School | $5K | $44K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $57K | $1K | $1K | $1K |
| Cornell Elementary School | $5K | $44K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $36K | $1K | $1K | $1K |
| Dansville Elementary School | $29K | $769 | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $29K | $1K | $2K |
| Dansville High School | $29K | $769 | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $26K | $1K | $2K |
| Dansville Middle School | $29K | $769 | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $19K | $1K | $2K |
| Dimondale Elementary School | $1K | $147K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $12K | $1K | $17K |
| Distribution/Service Senter | $5K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $6K | $6K |
| East Intermediate School | $4K | $6K | $858 | $60K | $926 | $806 | $44K | $1K | $2K | $2K |
| Ebersole Environmental Center | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $3K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $6K |
| Edgewood Early Childhood Center | $5K | $43K | $22 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Educational Services And Administrative Center | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $2K | $2K |
| Elliott Elementary School | $1K | $3K | $858 | $29K | $926 | $806 | $851 | $10K | $1K | $17K |
| Elmwood Elementary School | $4K | $6K | $858 | $60K | $926 | $806 | $27K | $1K | $2K | $2K |
| Emma Smith Elementary School | $806 | $769 | $51K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $3K |
| Everett High School | $5K | $7K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $168K | $7K |
| Fairview School | — | — | — | — | — | — | $5K | $5K | $34K | $5K |
| Gardner International School | $5K | $7K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $73K | $5K |
| Glencairn School | $48K | $3K | $2K | $3K | $2K | $2K | $25K | $653 | $1K | $2K |
| Haslett High School | $10K | $3K | $3K | $6K | $3K | $32K | $20K | $3K | $3K | $3K |
| Haslett Middle School | $10K | $14K | $3K | $6K | $3K | $32K | $4K | $3K | $3K | $3K |
| Heartwood School | $2K | $15K | $858 | $851 | $955 | $1K | $7K | $1K | $2K | $3K |
| Heritage School | $806 | $769 | $51K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $3K |
| Hiawatha Elementary School | $5K | $44K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $37K | $1K | $1K | $1K |
| Holt High School North Campus | — | — | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $14K | $1K | $24K |
| Holt Junior High School | $196K | $3K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $54K | — | $17K |
| Horizon Elementary School | $1K | $3K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $22K | — | $17K |
| James C Harvey Educational Center - Administration | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| James C. Harvey Education Center | $161 | $5K | $7K | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Kendon School | $5K | $7K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $29K | $5K |
| Kinawa School | $5K | $44K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $54K | $1K | $1K | $1K |
| Lansing Learning Hub | $161 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lansing Technical High School | $161 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Leslie High School | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $926 | $45K | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Leslie Learning Center | $161 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Leslie Middle School | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $926 | $40K | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Leslie Public Schools - Ingham Virtual High School | $8K | $7K | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Lewton School | $5K | $7K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $32K | $5K |
| Lyons School | $5K | $7K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $42K | $7K |
| Maintenance Building | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Mason High School | $806 | $6K | $8K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $93K | $1K | $2K |
| Mason Middle School | $806 | $6K | $8K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $68K | $1K | $2K |
| Mason Transportation Department | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Meryl S. Colt Early Childhood Education Center | $4K | $6K | $858 | $60K | $926 | $806 | $28K | $1K | $2K | $2K |
| Midway Early Childhood Center | $1K | $3K | $858 | $29K | $926 | $806 | $851 | $2K | $1K | $10K |
| Murphy Elementary School | $10K | $14K | $3K | $6K | $3K | $32K | $4K | $3K | $2K | $2K |
| North Aurelius Elementary School | $806 | $6K | $8K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $48K | $1K | $2K |
| Okemos High School | $5K | $44K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $67K | $1K | $1K | $1K |
| Okemos Public Montessori-Central | $5K | $44K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $48K | $1K | $1K | $1K |
| Post Oak School | $5K | $7K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $38K | $5K |
| Pre-K Pleasant View | $161 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| St Vincent Home School | — | — | — | $851 | $955 | $1K | $851 | $1K | $2K | $3K |
| St. Vincent Home | — | — | — | $851 | $955 | $1K | $851 | $1K | — | — |
| Steele Street Elementary School | $806 | $6K | $8K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $38K | $1K | $2K |
| Stockbridge Alternative High School | — | — | — | — | — | — | $851 | $1K | $1K | $3K |
| Stockbridge Jrsr High School | $806 | $769 | $51K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $3K |
| Support Services Building | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $806 | $851 | $2K | $1K | $2K |
| Sycamore Elementary School | $186K | $3K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $17K | $1K | $18K |
| Thorburn Education Center | $263K | $248K | $69K | $58K | $70K | $51K | $34K | $33K | $37K | $178K |
| Transportation And Maintanance Center | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $2K | $2K |
| Transportation/Vehicle Maintenance | $806 | $769 | $858 | $851 | $872 | $3K | $5K | $5K | $6K | $6K |
| Wainwright | $5K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $5K |
| Washington Woods Middle School | $1K | $3K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $15K | — | $17K |
| Waverly Middle School | $4K | $6K | $858 | $60K | $926 | $806 | $54K | $1K | $2K | $2K |
| Waverly Senior High School | $4K | $6K | $858 | $60K | $926 | $806 | $66K | $1K | $2K | $2K |
| Webberville Elementary School | $806 | $769 | $858 | $17K | $926 | $806 | $20K | $11K | $2K | $4K |
| Webberville High School | $806 | $769 | $858 | $17K | $926 | $806 | $15K | $9K | $2K | $4K |
| Webberville Middle School | $806 | $769 | $858 | $17K | $926 | $806 | $12K | $1K | $2K | $4K |
| Whitehills Elementary School | $49K | $3K | $3K | $4K | $3K | $2K | $27K | $4K | $1K | $2K |
| Wilcox Elementary School | $1K | $3K | $858 | $29K | $926 | $806 | $851 | $15K | $1K | $7K |
| Williamston Discovery Elementary School | $806 | $12K | $16K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $4K | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Williamston Explorer Elementary School | $806 | $12K | $16K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Williamston High School | $42K | $12K | $16K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $4K | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Williamston Middle School | $42K | $12K | $16K | $851 | $926 | $806 | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
| Wilson Talent Center | $2K | $15K | $858 | $50K | $955 | $1K | $851 | $1K | $2K | $3K |
| Winans Elementary School | $4K | $6K | $858 | $60K | $926 | $806 | $30K | $1K | $2K | $2K |
| Woodcreek Montessori | $806 | $3K | $5K | $5K | $5K | $4K | $5K | $5K | $28K | $6K |
| Woodworth Elementary School | $806 | $14K | $858 | $851 | $926 | $31K | $851 | $1K | $1K | $2K |
Recipient demographics
| Recipient | City | Discount Rate | Students | NSLP | Down Mbps | Up Mbps | Urban/Rural |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alaiedon Elementary School | Mason | 74% | 379 | 171 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Attwood School | Lansing | 74% | 443 | 443 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Beekman Center | Lansing | 74% | 169 | 169 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Bennett Woods Elementary Sch | Okemos | 74% | 485 | 86 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Bus Garage | Leslie | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Capital Area K-12 Online | Lansing | 74% | 436 | 411 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Chippewa Middle School | Okemos | 74% | 741 | 121 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Cornell Elementary School | Okemos | 74% | 444 | 54 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Dansville Elementary School | Dansville | 74% | 345 | 112 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Dansville High School | Dansville | 74% | 221 | 69 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Dansville Middle School | Dansville | 74% | 165 | 48 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Dimondale Elementary School | Dimondale | 74% | 390 | 390 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Distribution/Service Senter | Lansing | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| East Intermediate School | Lansing | 74% | 438 | 398 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Ebersole Environmental Center | Wayland | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Edgewood Early Childhood Center | Okemos | 74% | 20 | 8 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Educational Services And Administrative Center | Lansing | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Elliott Elementary School | Holt | 74% | 459 | 408 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Elmwood Elementary School | Lansing | 74% | 381 | 346 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Emma Smith Elementary School | Stockbridge | 74% | 270 | 160 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Everett High School | Lansing | 74% | 1,007 | 1,007 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Fairview School | Lansing | 65% | 217 | 212 | 60,000 | 60,000 | Urban |
| Gardner International School | Lansing | 74% | 897 | 897 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Glencairn School | East Lansing | 74% | 298 | 133 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Haslett High School | Haslett | 74% | 766 | 335 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Haslett Middle School | Haslett | 74% | 664 | 291 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Heartwood School | Mason | 74% | 108 | 64 | 200,000 | 200,000 | Rural |
| Heritage School | Stockbridge | 74% | 340 | 201 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Hiawatha Elementary School | Okemos | 74% | 466 | 119 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Holt High School North Campus | Holt | 68% | 0 | 0 | 200,000 | 200,000 | Urban |
| Holt Junior High School | Holt | 74% | 706 | 486 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Horizon Elementary School | Holt | 74% | 359 | 247 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| James C Harvey Educational Center - Administration | Mason | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| James C. Harvey Education Center | Mason | 74% | 272 | 123 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Kendon School | Lansing | 74% | 42 | 42 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Kinawa School | Okemos | 74% | 749 | 144 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Lansing Learning Hub | Lansing | 74% | 293 | 293 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Lansing Technical High School | Lansing | 74% | 152 | 152 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Leslie High School | Leslie | 74% | 333 | 183 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Leslie Learning Center | Leslie | 74% | 105 | 105 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Leslie Middle School | Leslie | 74% | 104 | 59 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Leslie Public Schools - Ingham Virtual High School | Leslie | 74% | 0 | 0 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Lewton School | Lansing | 74% | 278 | 278 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Lyons School | Lansing | 74% | 248 | 248 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Maintenance Building | Leslie | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Mason High School | Mason | 74% | 1,016 | 457 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Mason Middle School | Mason | 74% | 782 | 352 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Mason Transportation Department | Mason | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Meryl S. Colt Early Childhood Education Center | Lansing | 74% | 223 | 203 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Midway Early Childhood Center | Holt | 74% | 37 | 37 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Murphy Elementary School | Haslett | 74% | 397 | 174 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| North Aurelius Elementary School | Mason | 74% | 373 | 168 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Okemos High School | Okemos | 74% | 1,517 | 259 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Okemos Public Montessori-Central | Okemos | 74% | 326 | 38 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Post Oak School | Lansing | 74% | 437 | 437 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Pre-K Pleasant View | Lansing | 74% | 65 | 65 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| St Vincent Home School | Lansing | 68% | 0 | 0 | 200,000 | 200,000 | Urban |
| St. Vincent Home | Lansing | 68% | 38 | 38 | 200,000 | 200,000 | Urban |
| Steele Street Elementary School | Mason | 74% | 518 | 233 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Stockbridge Alternative High School | Stockbridge | 65% | 24 | 11 | 60,000 | 60,000 | Rural |
| Stockbridge Jrsr High School | Stockbridge | 74% | 484 | 286 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Support Services Building | Holt | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Sycamore Elementary School | Holt | 74% | 357 | 357 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Thorburn Education Center | Mason | 74% | — | — | 200,000 | 200,000 | — |
| Transportation And Maintanance Center | Lansing | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Transportation/Vehicle Maintenance | Lansing | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Wainwright | Lansing | 74% | — | — | 11,000 | 11,000 | — |
| Washington Woods Middle School | Holt | 74% | 344 | 237 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Waverly Middle School | Lansing | 74% | 449 | 408 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Waverly Senior High School | Lansing | 74% | 976 | 886 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Webberville Elementary School | Webberville | 74% | 185 | 142 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Webberville High School | Webberville | 74% | 151 | 116 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Webberville Middle School | Webberville | 74% | 111 | 85 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Whitehills Elementary School | East Lansing | 74% | 298 | 133 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Wilcox Elementary School | Holt | 74% | 417 | 371 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Williamston Discovery Elementary School | Williamston | 74% | 438 | 98 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Williamston Explorer Elementary School | Williamston | 74% | 388 | 102 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Williamston High School | Williamston | 74% | 604 | 99 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Williamston Middle School | Williamston | 74% | 436 | 94 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
| Wilson Talent Center | Mason | 74% | 0 | 0 | 200,000 | 200,000 | Rural |
| Winans Elementary School | Lansing | 74% | 394 | 358 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Woodcreek Montessori | Lansing | 74% | 0 | 0 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Urban |
| Woodworth Elementary School | Leslie | 74% | 432 | 298 | 11,000 | 11,000 | Rural |
Subsidies by service provider (top 10)
| Service provider | 2025 | 2024 | 2023 | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 | 2012 | 2011 | 2010 | 2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | 2003 | 2002 | 2001 | 2000 | 1999 | 1998 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zayo Group, LLC | $71K | $80K | $77K | $77K | $79K | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Zayo Group, LLC | — | — | — | — | — | $74K | $71K | $46K | $46K | $46K | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| KEPS Technologies Inc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | $36K | $36K | $801 | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Moss Telecommunications Services | — | — | — | — | $5K | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| ACD Telecom Inc | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Overview and provider figures are the entity’s total authorized disbursements (entity-wide, FCC Form 471 FRN Status). Per-recipient figures are a back-of-envelope estimate: each funding request line item’s post-discount cost divided equally among the line’s recipients. FY2010–2015 figures are from USAC legacy data (BEN level). FY2026 omitted (funding year in progress). Note: the last year or two in any disbursement series always looks artificially low (FY2025 invoices are still being paid), which is why figures dip at the end — that’s the real state of USAC’s data, not an error. Source: USAC Open Data, retrieved 2026-06-10.